ABSTRACT
A Síndrome da Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono (SAOS) na criança é uma doença que leva a alterações nos padrões arquiteturais do sono e apresenta como principais consequências o ronco habitual, dificuldades respiratórias, sonolência diurna, alterações neurocognitivas e prejuízo no ganho de peso e altura. Sua principal causa é a hipertrofia adenotonsilar e o tratamento mais efetivo é a adenoamigdalectomia. Apesar disso, estima-se que 9 a 29% das crianças não melhoram com a cirurgia. Sendo assim, objetivo deste estudo é avaliar crianças submetidas a tonsilectomia que persistem com prejuízo na qualidade de vida devido a SAOS e estabelecer as possíveis causas para essa recidiva ou persistência dos sintomas. Trata-se de um estudo analítico transversal, que avaliou 99 crianças em um momento, dois anos após adenoidectomia/adenoamigdalectomia. Foram estudados: queixa do familiar relacionada a sintomas obstrutivos, rinite, asma, tabagismo passivo, enurese, características anatômicas desfavoráveis, hipertrofia de cornetos inferiores, desvio de septo nasal obstrutivo, palato mole redundante, hipertrofia amigdaliana, Mallampatti e hipertrofia adenoideana. Os pacientes foram separados em 2 grupos conforme o questionário OSA-18, sendo um com pontuação maior ou igual a 60 (grupo teste) e outro com pontuação menor que 60 (grupo controle). Realizada regressão logística binária, chegou-se à conclusão de que a queixa do familiar, a enurese e a hipertrofia de cornetos apresentam relação estatisticamente positiva com prejuízos na qualidade de vida relacionada à SAOS.
Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS) in children is a disease that leads to alterations in the architectural patterns of sleep and presents as main consequences habitual snoring, breathing difficulties, daytime sleepiness, neurocognitive alterations and impairment in weight gain and height. Its main cause is adenotonsillar hypertrophy and the most effective treatment is adenotonsillectomy. Despite this, it is estimated that 9 to 29% of children do not improve with surgery. Therefore, the objective of this study is to evaluate children submitted to tonsillectomy who persist with impaired quality of life due to OSAS and establish the possible causes for this relapse or persistence of symptoms. It is a cross-sectional analytical study that evaluated 99 children at one time two years after adenoidectomy / adenotonsillectomy. The following were studied: family complaint related to obstructive symptoms, rhinitis, asthma, passive smoking, enuresis, unfavorable anatomical characteristics, inferior turbinate hypertrophy, obstructive nasal septum deviation, redundant soft palate, tonsils hypertrophy, Mallampatti and adenoidean hypertrophy. Patients were separated into 2 groups according to the OSA-18 questionnaire, one with a score greater than or equal to 60 (test group) and another with a score lower than 60 (control group). A binary logistic regression was performed, and the family complaint, enuresis and turbinate hypertrophy were statistically positive with losses in OSAS-related quality of life.
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To analyze the temporal trend of asthma and rhinoconjunctivitis prevalences as well as their symptoms in adolescents. METHODS Two cross-sectional studies were conducted using the same methodology and questionnaire as was used for adolescents aged 12 to 14 years in the Brazilian city of Florianopolis, SC, Southern Brazil. Based on the international protocol of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) study, adolescents were evaluated in 2001 and 3,150 in 2012. The schools included in this study were the same as in the 2001 study. These schools were randomly selected after stratification by network (public and private) and geographic location. The total average percentage variation was estimated for the prevalence of asthma and rhinoconjunctivitis and their symptoms. RESULTS The prevalence of reported asthma was 10.9% in 2001 and 14.8% in 2012, with an average variation of 2.8% in the period. The highest average variation in the period was observed among female adolescents (4.1%). In parallel a significant increase occurred in reported physician-diagnosed asthma, 7.3% in 2001 and 11,1% in 2012, with an annual variation of 4.5%. The largest increases in reported physician-diagnosed asthma were seen in female (5.9%) and male (4.5%) public school pupils. In addition, a significant increase in reported rhinoconjunctivitis occurred, with the average variation in the period being 5.2%. Reports of severe asthma symptoms remained unchanged during the period, while the annual variation for reported current wheezing (-1.3%) and wheezing during exercise (-1.2%) decreased. CONCLUSIONS The results showed a significant increase in the annual average variation for asthma and rhinoconjunctivitis prevalence during the 2001 to 2012 period.
RESUMO OBJETIVO Analisar a tendência temporal da prevalência de asma e de rinoconjuntivite e seus sintomas em adolescentes. MÉTODOS Foram realizados dois estudos transversais utilizando a mesma metodologia e o mesmo questionário em adolescentes de 12 a 14 anos em Florianópolis, SC. Fundamentado no protocolo internacional do estudo International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC), foram avaliados 4.114 adolescentes em 2001 e 3.150 em 2012. As escolas estudadas foram as mesmas de estudo anterior de 2001, selecionadas aleatoriamente após estratificação por rede (pública e privada) e por localização geográfica. A variação percentual anual média total foi estimada para a prevalência de asma e seus sintomas e para rinoconjuntivite. RESULTADOS A prevalência de relato de asma foi de 10,9% em 2001 e de 14,8% em 2012, com variação média no período de 2,8%. A maior variação média no período ocorreu entre os adolescentes do sexo feminino (4,1%). Houve aumento significativo no relato de diagnóstico médico de asma, de 7,3% em 2001 para 11,1% em 2012, com variação anual de 4,5%. Os maiores aumentos no relato de diagnóstico médico de asma ocorreram em alunos do sexo feminino (5,9%) e masculino (4,5%) da rede pública. Houve incremento expressivo no relato de rinoconjuntivite, com variação média no período de 5,2%. O relato de sintomas de asma grave permaneceu inalterado e houve decréscimo na variação anual no período no relato de sibilos atuais (-1,3%) e de sibilos aos exercícios (-1,2%). CONCLUSÕES Os resultados mostraram incremento significativo na variação anual média da prevalência de asma e de rinoconjuntivite no período de 2001 a 2012.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Asthma/epidemiology , Conjunctivitis, Allergic/epidemiology , Rhinitis, Allergic/epidemiology , Asthma/diagnosis , Schools/statistics & numerical data , Conjunctivitis, Allergic/diagnosis , Brazil/epidemiology , Sex Factors , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Diagnostic Self Evaluation , Rhinitis, Allergic/diagnosisABSTRACT
Introduction Despite the great advances in serological testing for transfusion-transmitted infections, the selection of blood donors by blood bank operators remains the only way to avoid transmission within the testing window period. Part of this selection is the self-exclusion form, on which the donors can exclude their blood from donation without any explanation. This study assessed the clinical and epidemiological characteristics related to positivity for viral hepatitis and to the use of the confidential self-exclusion (CSE) form. Methods This transversal study analyzed the data collected from blood donors' files in a hospital in Southern Brazil. Univariate and multivariate analyses identified the clinical and epidemiological variables related to positive serologies of viral hepatitis and to whether the donor was self-excluded. Results Of the 3,180 donors included in this study, 0.1% tested positive for HBsAg, 2.1% for anti-HBc, and 0.9% for anti-HCV. When the 93 donors with positive serologies for viral hepatitis were compared with those who were negative, a greater proportion of the positive serology group was found to have had a history of blood transfusions (OR=4.908; 95%CI=1.628 - 14.799; p<0.01), had repeatedly donated (OR=2.147; 95%CI=1.236 - 3.729; p<0.01), and used the CSE form for self-exclusion (OR=7.139; 95%CI=2.045 - 24.923; p<0.01). No variables were independently associated with self-exclusion. Conclusions A history of blood transfusion, repeated donations, and self-exclusion are factors that should be considered during viral hepatitis screenings in blood banks. .